Mitochondrial
What is MOTS-c?
A 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA, studied in metabolic and exercise-physiology research.
- Class
- Mitochondrial-derived peptide
- Also known as
- Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-c
- Type
- 16-amino-acid peptide
- Research stage
- Preclinical
01 · Classification
What it is
MOTS-c is one of a small group of peptides encoded inside mitochondrial DNA rather than nuclear DNA. Its sequence sits within the gene for 12S ribosomal RNA.
It was first described in 2015 and has since been studied as a signal sent from mitochondria to the rest of the cell.
02 · Mechanisms
What has been studied
- AMPK pathway: studied for activating AMPK, a central energy sensor in the cell.
- Nuclear translocation: research reports it can move to the nucleus under metabolic stress and influence gene expression.
- Muscle metabolism: studied in mouse models of insulin sensitivity and exercise capacity.
03 · Evidence
Where the research is
Mostly mouse and cell research. Human data is limited to observational measurements of circulating levels.
04 · Primary sources
Read the literature
Search the primary research record directly rather than relying on summaries, including this one.
Research use only
Supplied strictly for laboratory and educational research. Not a therapeutic good, not for human or veterinary use, and not evaluated by the TGA. This overview is not medical advice and gives no dosing or administration guidance.
